The Pressures Of White Expansionism Led The United States Government T

The pressures of white expansionism led the United States Government to find ways to remove the Native Americans from their fertile lands. Spurred by this pressure, and the need to fulfill his campaign promise to open Indian land for settlement, Andrew Jackson pushed through Congress the Removal Act. The Act allowed the government to negotiate treaties with the various Native American tribes, pay them for their lands, relocate them to western lands, and support the tribes for one year after removal. President Jackson, more than anyone else, was responsible for the fate of the five civilized tribes of the southeast. When the state of Georgia annexed the Cherokee Nation's land within Georgia territory against all treaties the Federal Government had with the Cherokee Nation, Jackson support it, even going as far as to ignore the Supreme Court when it ruled the Georgia annexation unconstitutional and the Cherokee Nation as an Independent Domestic Nation. In another era Jackson's actions would have been deemed treasonousand a total abuse of executive power but in the 1830's, the growing population, the need to expand to accomodate this growth and perhaps Congress' reluctance to submit the country to constitutional debate of power led to the removal of the indians.Indian Reaction The leaders of the Cherokee Nation and other tribes knew that fighting the white settlers would gibe the national and state governments an excuse to send in troops and take away land.The Cherokee nation responded with diplomacy. Several chief went to Washington to plead their case, pointing out the legal treaties between the Cherokee Nation and the United States gauranteeing them their land. The removal issue was hotly debated in Congress. Support forth tribes by Henry Clay, Davy Crockett, Daniel Webster and other prominent statesmen feel on deaf ears. The issue was also being fought in the legal system. In Worcester vs.Georgia, Chief Justice John Marshall ruled that the laws of Georgia were invalid in Cherokeeland and that The Cherokee land belongs to the Cherokee. The ruling was not enforced by the Executive branch with President Jackson refusing to do so. Dishearten and divided the Cherokee Nation broke into two factions, for removal or against. John Ross, Cherokee Nation chief, led the larger group against removal while MajorRidge led the smaller group for removal. Major Ridge and his faction sighneda treaty with the United States Government for five million dollars. The government was fullyaware that ridge didn't represent the majority of the Cherokee Nation, but they validated the treaty anyway. With this, the fate of the tribe was sealed. Several of the other civilized tribes were removed ahead of the Cherokees. The Choctaws removal was tragic. The journey west was badly planned and badly carried out. An enormous number of Indians died in their removal. The Cherokee's removal was just as trajicculminating in the death of over four thousand Cherokees in what has come to be known as the trail of tears. Reasons for such a tragic outcome are numerous. Contaminated food and water supplied by government contractors accounted for a large portion of the deathtoll. The government and the contractors were, as always, motivated by economic variables. The cost of the removal was first and foremost on their agenda. Fatigue, poor logistical planning, to outright negligence are also contributing factors. The United States removed the first few thousand Cherokees by boat, but that proved to be so tragic that John Ross convinced the government to allow the tribe to manage the removal themselves and to allow them to make the journey acrossland. This proved not to be the answer as thousands more died of starvation,illness, and the elements as the US Army marched them across the western frontier. The Seminoles fought their removal from their lands by warring with The United States,but to no avail. The Seminoles were the only one of the five civilized tribes to resist American culture. They were fiercely independent. At the outset of the indian removal, the Seminoles split into factions, just like the Cherokees, opposing and favoring removal. They fought against each other and against their evictors, the US Army. Jackson's insistence that the Seminoles live under Creek rule in the west provoked the resistance amoung the Seminoles. Jackson's resistance in allowing the Seminoles to live independently out west precipitated hostilities which led to the Second Seminal War. The Seminoles held their own against the US. Army, mainly due to the fact that they used guerrilla tactics. Even after the majority of the tribe was captured, few were allowed to stay in order

How to Win at What You Love (i.e., The Art of Diligence)

How to Win at What You Love (i.e., The Art of Diligence) I’ve always majored in the â€Å"make lemonade† school of surviving hard knocks, with a minor in â€Å"follow your bliss,† so after I was laid off from my job producing special projects for a local public radio station, I decided to go for it – writing books. A friend who’d heard my last big radio project – a series of three half-hours about climate change – told me I should turn it into a nonfiction book. In fact, I’d been working on a novel for about two years very slowly but the idea of doing a nonfiction book was new. The day after my last day at work I attended a local writing conference, pitched my concept to three agents, and used their feedback to reshape my idea. And I discovered an amazing array of possibilities on the web for grants, fellowships and residencies: -Poets and Writers: pw.org/toolsforwriters -Mira’s List:miraslist.com/ Alliance of Artists Communitiesartistcommunities.org/ -Res Artis:resartis.org/en/ -Writers Editors: writersandeditors.com/awards__grants__fellowships_57698.htm But it wasn’t until I found Hope Clark’s newsletters that her positive energy inspired me to start applying. My book is set in the eight states where I’ve lived, so I’ll need to travel back to each of them. I was born in Michigan, where I found ISLAND’s Hill House artist residency http://artmeetsearth.org/artistresidency.html which has an environmental focus that’s a great fit for my project. Still, I was amazed to be accepted on my first try. Next, I applied for a grant from my local arts agency, the Regional Arts Culture Consortium http://racc.org . The proposal was daunting – everything from drawing up a budget to planning for a public event, so I went to RACC’s Open House and took advantage of the agency’s offer to review grant proposals turned in a couple of weeks early. I got terrific input, and had time to strengthen my application enough that I was awarded $5,000, some of which will fund a travel blog. So far, so good. My â€Å"platform† as an environmental journalist, and years of writing on deadline doubtlessly helped me submit polished applications. But could I make the leap to winning funding on the basis of my fiction?    This year, I took the plunge – and was accepted as a Hawthorne Fellow at The Attic Institute in Portland. It’s not free, but it’s competitive. I was also accepted to the Tin House writing conference, and won another residency http://springcreek.oregonstate.edu/residencies.html where I’ll go to write up what I learn doing my RACC funded research. Here’s what I’ve learned: -target your proposal to funders and residencies that mesh with your project; -start with agencies that are local, or at least local to the setting   of your book; -apply for the least attractive times -do your homework; -take any coaching you’re offered; -be willing to invest some money in yourself; -find a day job while you’re writing. I admit I’ve been lucky. After my layoff, I was offered a chance to produce television projects on a contract basis. When I’m at leisure (unemployed), I look for work and collect unemployment. And I write on two books!

Analysis of Jack Sheltons Im Just a Bill Assignment

Analysis of Jack Sheltons Im Just a Bill - Assignment Example There needs to be a strong majority on certain bills before the bills can go to the White House to be signed by the president, and become law. There needs to be a majority in both houses before the bill can go to the White House to be signed into law by the president. â€Å"I’m Just a Bill† did not inform viewers of the time it would take for a bill to go from a thought to a bill, to become a law. Sometimes, Congress votes on a bill because of its urgency. Some bills are less important to national security and the safety of Americans. â€Å"I’m Just a Bill† did not inform viewers it could take less than 30 days for a bill to pass through Congress. Sometimes, like with the United States of America Patriot Act Congress put all other bills on hold, and passed the United States of America Patriot Act within 30 days of September 11, 2001. â€Å"I’m Just a Bill† says it takes months, and years for Congress to debate over a bill. Congress has a rule that all bills introduced during one session of Congress need to be voted on before the end of that session. Congress does not allow bills to sit around from session to session. If someone watches â€Å"I’m Just a Bill† this person is led on to think that it takes more than several months for a bill to go from a thought, to a bill and to law. If someone watches â€Å"I’m Just a Bill† this person may think it could take years for a bill to be discussed in Congress. Question Number Two When Saunders, Abramowitz, and Williamson discussed the level of sophistication as it pertains to the study of voters from 1996 the data in the table appears to prove the hypothesis by Saunders, Abramowitz, and Williamson. However, Saunders, Abramowitz, and Williamson received the data for the table using data from the voting machines. The data in the table; therefore would be inconclusive. Every district has a socioeconomic status. The voting machines can count mixed ticket s; therefore the data reflects the number of mixed tickets was cast in the 1996 election. However, some sophisticated voters may live in underprivileged areas such as an urban area.  

Conjunctiva Histology and Anatomy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Conjunctiva Histology and Anatomy - Essay Example (Blue Histology: the eye) There are slight histological distinctions in the conjunctiva portions. The conjunctiva covering the lid margin and bulbar conjunctiva is a modified nonkeratinized, stratified squamous epithelium. The tarsal and fornix conjunctiva is covered by stratified squamous and cuboidal to columnar epithelium of diverse thickness which preserve some squamoidal characteristics, such as having numerous desmosomes and a microvillus surface. Goblet cells are profuse in the tarsus, fornix, and specialized areas as the plica semilunaris, while they are scant nearby the lid boundary and the cornea's limbus. A histological sagittal section of both eyelids and the eye are shown here: (1) cornea (2) lens (3) fornix part of the conjunctiva. (4) marginal conjunctiva (5) palpebral portion of the lacrimal gland (6) tarsal conjunctiva. The constitution of Goblet cells within the epithelium at each of these regions is fluctuant. (Anatomy of the Eye: Conjunctiva 2005) Function of Conjunctiva It moistens the eye' The production of the transparent mucous thick fluid acts as a lubricant It aids in tear production to maintain the eye cleanness. Protects the eye from pathogenic invasions Protect the eye from foreign material to directly come in contact like dust. References Anatomy of the Eye: Conjunctiva, Mission for Vision, 2005 http://www.missionforvisionusa.org/anatomy/2005/11/conjunctiva.html Blue Histology - The Eye, School of Anatomy and Human Biology - The University of Western Australia http://www.lab.anhb.uwa.edu.au/mb140/CorePages/eye/eye.htm Chapter 7, Conjunctiva http://www.vetmed.ucdavis.edu/courses/vet_eyes/conotes/con- chapter_7.html Establishment of a Cultivated Human Conjunctival Epithelium as an Alternative Tissue Source for Autologous Corneal Epithelial Transplantation http://www.iovs.org/cgi/content/full/47/9/3820 Ted M. Montgomery, 2007, Anatomy, Physiology & Pathology of the Human Eye,

Problems and Issues at OzBank Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Problems and Issues at OzBank - Essay Example From this discussion it is clear that OzBank has also shown an under-performance in the previous two financial years. For the past two decades, for example, the UK retail banks have felt the competitive pressures, leading banks to consolidate their positions; mergers and adoption of technology completed, and rising consumer demands with the objective of improving services. These efforts, however, failed to satisfy customers. ¹ OzBank is not alone concerning these issues. these are: focusing on customer service, streamlining processes, reducing jobs and developing the employees ´ skills. These measures are backed up by management, CEO, Paul Kelly. OzBank is committing around $1200 million in several key areas, such as: staff training, systems upgrades, process simplification, and new and improved technology. This paper highlights that one of the problems that OzBank has is that out of 40,000 full time staff, it is to reduce approximately 4,000 between January 2007 and January 2009. Almost half of the reduction has already taken place. This is part of the cost-reduction strategy. Ozbank had already reduced approximately 1500 jobs in the 2006-2007 financial year and 600 employees were retrenched in July 2007. The 4000 job loses is part of the scheme to cut $600 million in costs. The first reduction strategy is the personnel versus equipment/overhead. ConMan is a management consulting company with outstanding results on staff and customers that has been hired to help with the restructure of OzBank. ConMan had advised the bank beforehand of the new strategy ´s announcement however, they neglected to talk to the staff during this time. This may have been seen by the personnel and the union as intruders arriving into the workplace and making decisions about employees, making decisions of whe re the employee will end up, and making decisions without the inclusion in the decision-making process. Ms. Alex Faulkner, OzBank director of Human Resources claimed that the staff had been abreast of the restructuring strategy.

Health Promotion Essay: Skin Cancer Awareness and Prevention

Health Promotion Essay: Skin Cancer Awareness and Prevention Health Promotion Essay about Skin Cancer Awareness and Prevention. Include group members were Lawrence Essilfie, Olufunmilayo Dawodu,Carla Gillard, Neil Brannigan, Niamh Greaney and Fiona Opoku throughshared ideas, experiences and debates. This essay shall discuss a health promotion forum on awareness and prevention of â€Å"Skin cancer† which was carried out by student nurses, named above. The four main areas the essay will cover are assessment of health needs, approach used, and evaluation of the health forum and finally conclude with a summary of the health forum. World Health is an important issue in today’s society. A good definition of health is â€Å"A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease† (World Health Organization, 1946). Skin cancer is defined as malignant cell that forms in the tissues of the skin outer layer. Generally, most forms of skin cancer characteristic increase in a pattern. It begins with a single cell, by mysterious reasons the cell begins to reproduce extremely quickly. This uncontrollable growth leads eventually to cancerous cells which spreading through the body, affect larger areas. It occurs in both men and women (Hounsome et al, 2009). Assessment health needs is a systematic method for reviewing the health issue facing the population leading to agreed priorities and resources allocation that will improve health inequalities (NICE, 2005). There is an enormous detrimental of skin cancer in the United Kingdom (UK) and worldwide; therefore the need to educate the public is important. Epidemiological and demographic statistics Skin cancer has been established as one of the common cancer in UK, men and women are likely to get skin cancer but have not been known to be the most common cancer in women. Cancer Research UK, (2011) supported that, in 2011 13,300 people in the UK were diagnosed with skin cancer. 71% of those diagnosed with skin cancer were men, 61% of those were women and that is, 37 people globally been diagnosed every day (Worldwide Cancer, 2012). Cancer Research UK, (2011) states that one in every nine people in the UK will develop skin cancer at some point in their life; more than 300,000 cases will be diagnosed by the year 2020. It has become the most common cancer in the UK and is a leading cause of death for men aged 34 to 54 (Macmillan, 2009). According to Cancer Research UK, (2011), the strongest risk factor for skin cancer after smoking and alcohol is ultraviolet light, tanning beds, genetics and age. The older the person, the higher is the risk of developing skin cancer. NICE, (2010) supported that, skin cancer is strongly related to age with 81% of cases occurring in both sex age 50years and over and nearly 48% of cases of skin cancer are diagnosed in the 50- 69 age group. The World Health Organization WHO (2011) supports, skin cancer to be in the group top ten cause of death in high income countries. Despite the high incidence rates in western countries, 89% of people diagnosed with skin cancer are due to early detection and treatment states (Parkin et al, 2010). The Australia and New Zealand have one of the highest incidence rates worldwide including North America and USA, UK making these countries a priority for skin cancer awareness and prevention. In 2010 skin cancer resulted in an estimated 11,790 deaths in undeveloped countries and 184,000 deaths in developed countries accounting for 12 and 16 percent, respectively of all cancer deaths in men and women states Sherris, (2002). Between 2006-2008 skins cancer began to rise at the young age of 25 years, following the statistics and research completed by researchers. The target group will be from 18-40 years of age. The rational for choosing this target group was; giving information to young adults can give early discovery which can result in treatment, which increases chances of preventing, and also considering the opportunity for youngster to fully understating the risk of skin cancer (Davies Macdowall, 2006). Factors There are public health aspects to most cancers. Prevention is vital, including maintain a healthy lifestyle. There are many social factors that can affect skin cancer as stated above. Little exposures to ultraviolet light and the right timing can reduce the chances of skin cancer including awareness of the disease (American Cancer Society, 2010). Studies found that, non-melanoma incidence is rising in younger people, especially among those aged 25-39 (Bath-Hextall et al. 2007). The rates of most serious skin cancer are higher with men, as well as the deaths rate (Cancer Research UK, 2014). Malignant melanoma incidence has also risen in last 20 years in England from a rate of 6.7 per 100,000 people in 1985-87 to around 17.3 per 100,000 people in 2004-14 (Hounsome et al. 2009). Office for National Statistics, (2009) supported skin cancer is a public health issue, by placing the number of skin cancer deaths in the UK, is increasing each year. WHO, (2011) prompting the government to increase the awareness of skin cancer, like promoting UK national skin screening program, to create the awareness (Macmillan, 2009). Health Education Authority. (1998). Skin cancer prevention: policy guidelines for local authorities is to provide shade structures in public places to be utilised by general members most especially, children and young adult. Emphases were being given to the need to provide shade in areas often used. DOH (2006) Skin cancer awareness policy supported that, outdoor workers should be conscious of when and time to work, the feel and look of their skin and through contractors will obtain education in the suitable use of protective clothing and sunscreens to prevent against skin cancer. NICE (2011) skin cancer guidance is to ensure the published skin cancer measures are both comprehensive and clear to the public. It promotes self aware, also supporting being skin aware and regular skin checking together offer the best chances of finding skin cancer early. WHO, (2011) be skin aware, supported also the leaflets encourages public to become more aware of their bodies generally and to get to know their own skin. In addition, CIEH, (2005) Also stating some risk reduction might be achieved with prevention, these strategies cannot eliminate the majority of skin cancer that develop in low and middle income countries where skin cancer is diagnosed in very late stages. Therefore early detection helps in order to improve skin cancer outcome and survival remains the cornerstone of skin cancer control. Bradshaw’s’ needs The type of needs chosen for raising skin cancer awareness and prevention is normative need. Normative need is a need that is identified by health professionals based on the available sources and then judge on how the needs can be meet. One disadvantages of normative need is that it is not an objective fact it reflects on the judgement of the health professional which may be different from the patients. (Naidoo Willis, 2009). An educational approach was used because the aim of the forum was to equip individuals with the knowledge about being skin awareness so they can be able to make a well informed decision regarding their lives (Miller, 2013). The approach is intended to have an outcome for the targeted group because they will have an understanding of skin cancer and how early detection can changes life’s (Scriven, 2010). Advantage of the approach is the public’s right of free choice as long as the health promoter identifies the educational content to the individual (Ewles Simnet, 2003), the promoters in this case had identified that, giving preventive measure is beneficial. The disadvantage of the approach is in spite of the individuals being educated and given information does not necessarily mean they will change (Naidoo Willis, 2009). Methods used to educate was leaflets, showing through poster how affected skin looks, wallet size cards with information, sample sun cream also discussions once educated the visitors had the right to make an informed choice (Miller, 2013). Aims and objectives are important to be specific, measurable, achievable, and realistic time oriented (Ewles Simnet, 2003). The groups aim was to raise awareness and prevention of skin cancer to the public aged between 18-40 years. The groups objectives were that, at the end of 4-5 minutes visitors will be able to list two ways to prevent them from getting skin cancer, can name two sign, symptoms and the main causes of skin cancer, they would be able to list any two things they learnt from visiting our stand and also be able to state where they can access further information on skin cancer (Scriven, 2010). The evaluation process that had been used is impact, process, outcome and income which are in line with (Naidoo Willis, 2009). Process is described as the activity that shows detailed account of the intervention being planned and carried out (Tonnes Tilford, 2001). To achieve aims and objectives the group set up rules, each member was given a task to do which will help in achieving aims and objectives, resources that were gathered are posters, sun scream with SFP 15 and leaflets for the health forum. Achieving this, effective communication and understanding of what was expected from every member of the group (Scriven, 2010). Process Evaluation Proposed successful working in partnership with colleagues help develop each other’s strengths (Ewles Simnet, 2003). The theme of the forum was ‘BE SUN SMART’ that represents skin cancer awareness and prevention. There were writing in orange and bold stating â€Å"Skin Cancer Awareness And Prevention,† which was eye catching as a member of the group printed an image both genders why half of their faces were affected and a moles at the back representing how to sport and prevent skin cancer developing (Miller, 2013). A hat, sunglasses and T-shirt were use visually to help our visitors think how to prevent their bodies from getting skin cancer whenever they are going under the sun, be sun smart were used as a rhymed to remember our visitors, Leaflets were distributed among the people visiting the stand and different literature resources were displayed for visitors to read and also take away with them for future purposes Bunton MacDonald, 2002) This proved effective as visitors did not know how to identify normal moles from the cancerous moles (Tones Tilford, 2001). After showing of how skin changes when it’s affect by cancer cell and how to prevent those, questionnaires were distributed to the visitors in order to measure and assess whether objectives were achieved (Naidoo Wills, 2009). Questionnaires were given to each visitor who visited our stand. The questionnaire was helpful as it allows the visitors time to think about their responses with intrusion and can be distributed to vast numbers of people at the same time (Louise Parker, 2007). Freebies like a wallet size card with the help line and a website to get more information was given out, SPF 15 sun cream and a bottle of water was given out to every visitor who filled out a questionnaire. Impact evaluation is relevant to health promotion because it measures the impact of the activity (Scriven, 2010). Attending the health forum was encouraging as different age groups attended. Lecturers of the group evaluated the group’s overall presentation gave positive feedback on the presentation and overall work and we also got a very positive feedback from participant as we made her aware to visit her GP about a mole she been having over three weeks. The immediate impact was measured using the questionnaire that was distributed during the forum. All twenty five questionnaires were completed and 68% of the public that attended the forum could state the promoters objectives’ (Miller, 2013). However, 32% of the public were not sure, out of the twenty five questionnaires, twenty five were completed by the targeted group 100%. Out of the twenty five questionnaires, eighteen of them feel more confident knowing how to avoid and prevent their skin of any skin cancer and also being well aware of where to get information, therefore the promoters achieved their aims and objectives as figures were significant (Scriven, 2010). Outcome evaluation looks at long term of the health promotion activity, to see whether the objectives had been achieved or not (Tones Tilford, 2001). It is impossible to meet up with the participants who took part in the forum to gain feedback as the promoters did not obtain the contact details. Overall the presentation was excellent. The stand was very attractive. Improvement for the future would be to obtain participants contacts and enable the promoters to reach out of them where and when necessary. Also to spend a little bit more time with the participants as different people learn differently to achieve 100% of promoters’ aims and objectives. The health promoter’s role is to help people improve and gaining increase control over their health. By acting as a facilitator for assessing, evaluating and understanding health which involves working with all age groups, from a wide range of audiences (Green Tonnes, 2010). Educating the public, they will have to keep their knowledge up to date about issues arising or that needs improving, (Bennet, Perry Lawerence,2009). In conclusion the aim and objectives where achieved by raising awareness and prevention of skin cancer which is beneficial regardless of age by using an educational approach. Knowledge was gained during the campaign which was positive and will help the health promoters plan and implement any future activities. Word count: 2200 Reference Lists: Bennet, C., Perry, J. Lawrence, Z. (2009). Promoting Health in Primary care: Role of the health promoter. Nursing Standard, 23(47), 48-56. Bunton, R and MacDonald, G. (2002). Health Promotion: Disciples, diversity anddevelopments. (2nd Ed). London: Routledge Cancer research UK, (2010). Skin cancer incidence statistics, RetrievedFebruary, 03, 2014, from http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/cancerinfo/cancerstats/types/skin/incide ce/ Chartered Institute of Environmental Health (May 2005). Raising awarenessof the risk of skin Cancer Davies, M. Macdowall, W. (2006) Health Promotion Theory London: Open University Press Department of Health, Social Services and Public Safety (2011). Sunbeds Act (Northern Ireland). Belfast: DHSSPSNI; 2012. Ewes, L. and Simnett, I. (2003).Promoting Healty: A practical Guide. (5thEd). Edinburg: Bailliere Tindall. Health Education Authority. (1998). Skin Cancer Prevention: Policy Guidelines For Local Authorities. London, Health Education Authority Hounsome L, Poirier V, Dancox M, Ives A, Harris S, Verne J. (2009). â€Å"Analysis of the Increase in Incidence of Malignant Melanoma, and Correlations with External Factors†. South West Public Health Group. Louise, M. Parker, E. (2007). Health promotion principles practice in the Australian context. Australia: Ligare Macmillan, (2009) Prevention of skin cancer. Retrieved February, 03, 2014, fromwww.macmillan.org.uk Miller, C.A. 2013 Fast Facts for Health Promotion in Nursing : Promoting Wellness in a Nutshell: Retrieved March, 10, 2014, from http://herts.eblib.com/patron/FullRecord.aspx?p=1188979echo=1userid=her. 248710072e1d717tstamp=1387537341id=726352cfcfdf896d9a166c9754080 b1ea49f571extsrc=ath-usr Naidoo, J. Wills. J. (2009). Foundations for health promotion. Edinburgh: Bailliere Tindall Elsevier. National Cancer Intelligence Network (2012) â€Å"Understanding cancer: oncology training for NHS and Public Health non-clinical staff†. National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (2010). Clinical guideline 104. Diagnosis and management of metastatic malignant disease of unknown primary origin. London: NICE; 2010. National Institute of clinical Excellence. (2005). Health needs assessments: a practical guide. Retrieved March, 10, 2014, from http://www.nice.org.uk NICE public health guidance 32 (2011). Skin cancer prevention: information,resources and environmental changes Office for National Statistics (2012) Cancer Survival Rates Cancer Survival in England: Patients Diagnosed, 2006–2010 and Followed up to 2011. Office for National Statistics (2013) Cancer Statistics Registrations, England (Series MB1), No. 42, 2011 . Office for National Statistics (2013). General Lifestyle Survey overview: A report on the 2010 general lifestyle survey. (PDF 131MB) 2013. Parkin D.M., Mesher D., Sasieni, P. (2010). Cancers attributable to solar (ultraviolet) radiation exposure in the UK in 2010. Br J Cancer 2011;105 Suppl 2:S66-9. Pender, N., Murdaugh, C. and Parsons, M. (2006.).Health Promotion in Nursing Practice. (6th Ed.).Pearson Education: London. Scherpereel A, Astoul P, Baas P, et al. Guidelines of the European Respiratory Society and the European Society of Thoracic Surgeons for the management of malignant pleural mesothelioma. Eur Respir J 2010;35(3):479-95. Scriven, A. (2010).Promoting Health: a practical guide.(6th Ed.).London: Bailliere Tindall. South West Public Health Group (2010) Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer: Estimates of `cases, November 2010. Tones, K. Tilford, S. (2001). Health Education Effectiveness, Efficiency and Equity. Cheltenham: Nelson Thomas. World Health Organization. (1946). Definition of Health. Retrieved February, 12, 2014, from http://www.who.int/about/definition/en/pring.html. World health Organization. Retrieved February, 9, 2011, fromwww.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs310/en/index.html Lawrence (12234201) Module Code: 5NMH1018 1 | Page

Writing Persuasive or Argumentative Essays :: Writing an Essay

Everyone needs to know how to write a persuasive essay. It's actually not as difficult as it seems. Give yourself time. Trying to cram an entire 5 paragraph persuasive essay within 100 minutes is not a good idea. Allow yourself enough time to brainstorm, write, and proofread. Put as much effort into your paper as you can in the time period you are given, including the steps below. Brainstorm. Writing a persuasive essay is very much like writing an ordinary paper. Of course, before you begin, you have to come up with a good solid view, a foundation which you can base your entire paper on. It's best if you pick a topic which you strongly believe in. That way, you can defend your ideas better and make your paper sound a lot more convincing. The case that you are making needs to have enough depth and be worthy of support. You might want to consider opposing viewpoints to make it easier for you to realize how opposing people think. First Paragraph. This has to be your paragraph that draws attention to your essay. Start with something like: [What is a good pet? Although there are many different kinds of pets to choose from, I think that the feline cat is the best choice of a pet. A cat is an excellent choice of pet because it is easy to handle, doesn't cause trouble, and is friendly.] Start out with something that draws the reader's attention. Then, state clearly what you are going to pick (in this case, a cat). Finally, list your reasons. Start off your essay by stating your views. Don't get too specific. Leave the details for later. Just lay out your main idea and opinion. Your first sentence should be a thesis sentence, and have the basic ideas that encompasses all that you will say in the rest of the essay. You will need a paragraph supporting your idea, and a paragraph for people who oppose your idea. E.G. Cats are good pets because they don't lubricate all over the house. A sentence for the people who oppose your idea is: Even though cats bite a lot, you can control this by training it. See how you can get an answer to an opposition. This is needed. Make body paragraphs. At minimum, write three paragraphs for the body of the essay. Each paragraph should cover a main point to back up your argument and idea.

Computerized Grading System Essay

Automation has had a notable impact in a wide range of industries beyond manufacturing (where it began). Once-ubiquitous telephone operators have been replaced largely by automated telephone switchboards and answering machines. Medical processes such as primary screening in electrocardiography or radiography and laboratory analysis of human genes, sera, cells, and tissues are carried out at much greater speed and accuracy by automated systems. Applying automation to Grading systems wherein it will also make a task easy and accurate. Education must share the responsibility of developing technologically literate people (Bitter & Legacy, 2008). Both systemic reform and curriculum cannot be achieved without the aid of technology (Fletcher & Wolf, 2007). Grading and reporting are relatively recent phenomena in education. In fact, prior to 1850, grading and reporting were virtually unknown in schools in the Philippines. Throughout much of the nineteenth century most schools grouped students of all ages and backgrounds together with one teacher in one-room schoolhouses, and few students went beyond elementary studies. The teacher reported students’ learning progress orally to parents, usually during visits to students’ homes (Guskey). Researches in learning assessment, especially in terms of academic performance, have long criticized traditional rating schemes that provide feedback to students. Because learning is multi-faceted, most critiques of such formats tend to see these as superficial and inadequate arguing that they tend to cover only the areas in learning that are widely rated, leaving other areas in learning under-assessed. As a result, different systems were proposed and varying rating structures were employed by different schools in the country such as point system averaging and weighted averaging. This school year, the Department of Education (DepEd) will be using a new grading system in public elementary and high schools in connection to the implementation of K to 12 BEC (Basic Education Curriculum) program. The traditional numerical values in report cards will be replaced by letter-scheme grading system, with â€Å"A† (abbreviated â€Å"Advanced† level of proficiency) as the highest grade and â€Å"B† (short for â€Å"Beginning†) as the lowest. In the event that this format will be fully implemented in the target school, which in this proposal will be San Isidro Elementary School, the workload of the teachers will be increased because they will have to compute for the numeric equivalent of each letter grades. The proponents of this proposal wish to reduce their workload by eliminating the need for manual computation and recording of each grade. The common problems encountered in manual recording and computations are error- and file-handling, and redundancy. As the workload gradually increases with growing amounts of grades and student lists that need to be attended, it becomes tedious on the part of the teacher to proficiently manage them in time for documentation and file submission to higher education authorities. As such, this paper aims to produce a workable computerized grading system that will address these issues.

Effect of Organizational Climate on Employee Motiv Essays

Effect of Organizational Climate on Employee Motiv Essays Effect of Organizational Climate on Employee Motivation and Organizational commitment in Pakistan Research based Thesis 8/16/2014 Institute of Business Management Submitted to: Sir Ashraf Janjua Prepared by: Sameen Salman ID: 9929 Subject: Seminar in Economic Policy Executive Summary Organizations have become very different then what they were previously. The systems, processes have changed and an individual is well aware of his or her interests and demands. This creates a lot of challenges for the organization to continuously evolve their systems and keep their eyes peeled for upcoming changes and find out new ways to deal with these challenges . Previously, organizational climate was just a concept whose application was limited but that's not the case today and this concept has evolved a lot and its importance has increased immensely. Now this concept is in a position to impact other factors on the job which make up the organization. This paper researches on the possibility of organizational climate to have impacts on motivation and commitment of employees working in any organization. Sufficient literatures regarding its concepts have been pondered over in this paper. Data has been collected specifically from those individuals who have minimum one year experience in any corporate field in management of a company. Further analysis is carried out using questionnaire which comprises of questions aimed at identifying the importance of climate and its effects on motivation and commitment level of employees. The findings of the questionnaires are further analyzed by help of different theories. The analysis came to discover that there is direct relationship between these three factors. Meaning that organizational climate directly influences motivation and commitment of employees. Negative organizational climate will have negative impacts on these two and positive organizational climate will have positive effects. There were some limitations in the study which were delayed responses of the targeted audience because target respondents were all working professionals and were busy In their work and the other limitation being short time. However, the study was completed within the time frame developed and was successful in studying the cause it set out to. Contents TOC \o "1-3" \h \z \u Executive Summary PAGEREF _Toc395836959 \h 1 Introduction to the topic: PAGEREF _Toc395836960 \h 3 Literature Review PAGEREF _Toc395836961 \h 4 Organizational Climate PAGEREF _Toc395836962 \h 4 Motivation PAGEREF _Toc395836963 \h 6 Motivation Theories: PAGEREF _Toc395836964 \h 7 Organizational Commitment PAGEREF _Toc395836965 \h 10 Significance of the study: PAGEREF _Toc395836966 \h 11 Hypothesis: PAGEREF _Toc395836967 \h 12 Variables: PAGEREF _Toc395836968 \h 12 Research Objectives PAGEREF _Toc395836969 \h 12 Research Questions PAGEREF _Toc395836970 \h 13 Research Design: PAGEREF _Toc395836971 \h 13 Methodology: PAGEREF _Toc395836972 \h 13 Data Collection Method: PAGEREF _Toc395836973 \h 13 Sources of Data PAGEREF _Toc395836974 \h 13 Sample Size PAGEREF _Toc395836975 \h 13 Statistical Tool PAGEREF _Toc395836976 \h 13 Research Findings PAGEREF _Toc395836977 \h 14 Analysis: PAGEREF _Toc395836978 \h 24 Conclusion and Recommendations: PAGEREF _Toc395836979 \h 25 Limitations: PAGEREF _Toc395836980 \h 26 Appendix: PAGEREF _Toc395836981 \h 27 Bibliography PAGEREF _Toc395836982 \h 27 Questionnaire used: PAGEREF _Toc395836983 \h 29 Introduction to the topic: Organizations are more concerned about maintaining an effective organizational climate now because of fast growth and competition. It can be made a competitive advantage of the company. There has been a lot of research on the topic of organizational climate and its impacts. The earliest researches can be tracked back to 1930s. Organizational climate is synonymous with corporate environment . It is the direction to measure the culture of an organization . It comprises of many components which shape up the environment both directly and indirectly influencing employee attitudes and behavior. Researchers suggest that organizational culture is very closely related to organizational climate. Early researches such as Hawthorn studies were one of the pioneers in this topic. The main aim or objective of the research was to study the effect of environment or surroundings of employees and also to study the effect of different variables on their behaviors. Thus a concept of organizational climate came into being. CITATION KSe14 \l 1033 (K.Selvarajan, 2014) Organization Climate has a rich history and implementations in both industrial and organizational set ups. Kurt Lewin was one the first researcher who studies about this concept and presented an argument that behavior is a product of an individual and the environment surrounding him or her. Organizational climate studies took the stage in late 1970s and the focus was to

buy custom Twin Falls Community Hospital essay

buy custom Twin Falls Community Hospital essay This is a risk analysis of the project by ambulatory surgery center. The purpose of the analysis is to predict the outcome of the project. This will be done by calculating the payback, net present value and internal rate of return of the project. The cash flows for year four and five are shown in the table below. YEAR 4 YEAR 5 Land opportunity cost ($500,000) Building/equipment cost (10,000,000) Net revenues 5,463,635 5,627,544.05 Less: Labor costs 874,181.60 900,407.05 Utilities costs 54,636.35 56,275.44 Supplies 2,185,454 2,251,017.62 Incremental overhead 39,337.76 40,517.89 Net income 2,310,025.29 2,379,326.05 /tr> Plus: Net land salvage value Plus: Net building/equipment salvage value Net cash flow 2,310,025.29 2,379,326.05 The Net Present value of the project NPV= Cash outflow + Cash inflow/ (1+r) Year 1= $2,114,000/1+0.1=1,921,818.18 Year2= $2,177,420/ (1+0.1) ^2=1,799,520.66 Year3=$2,242,743/ (1+0.1) ^3=1,685,006.01 Year4=2,310,025.29/ (1+0.1) ^4=1,577,778.16 Year5=2,379,326.05/ (1+0.1) ^5=1,477,374.28 Total=8,461,497.29 Net Present Value= 15,500,000 - 8,461,497.29=7,038,502.71 The Internal Rate of Return of the project -15,500,000+1,921,818.18/ (1+R) + 1,799,520.66/ (1+R) ^2+1,685,006.01/ (1+R) ^3+1,577,778.16/ (1+R) ^4+1,477,374.28/(1+R)^5=0 IRR= 10% The payback of the project. If the cash flow remains constantly progressive every year, the anticipated payback would be seven years. Overhead costs. The overhead costs, are expenses that a business incurs in the day to day activities. The above cash flow analysis is not of an existent business but rather an analysis of whether the proposed project would be profitable if it was actually established. This being the case, the $10,000 overhead costs cannot be added to this cash flow. Handling of cannibalization. One should first gather backdated cash flow statements of the inpatient surgery unit prior to the opening of the outpatient surgery unit to current cash flow statements of the inpatient surgery unit, which should be compared to the outpatient cash flows (analysis) statements so as to identify the rate of declining inflows in the internal surgery unit to the rise of inflows in the outpatient surgery unit. This will also enable comparison of other details such as the price difference in services offered by the two units in relation to the inflow rates. Such details can enable the analyst to find a solution and recommend appropriate changes in the inpatient surgery ward e.g. reset prices of service, opening hours etc. This would change the handling of cannibalization since one would have to carry out a scenario analysis of a third surgical unit which would trigger a change in all current statements in the inpatient and outpatient cash flow statements as well. Scenario analysis. Scenario=250 DAYS (YEAR)*(1000)* The expected scenario of the project is: 250 DAYS (YEAR)*(1000*20) Salvage price= 5 million at 70% rate an average net income of $5,000,000 per day. NPV= 7,941,176.47 The best case scenario of the project is: 250 days (year) * (1000*25) Salvage price= 7million at 15% rate and average net income of $6,250,000 per day. NPV= 12,434,782.61 The worst case scenario of the project is: 250 DAYS (YEAR)*(1000*15) Salvage price= 3 million at 15% rate and average net income of $3,750,000 per day. NPV= 6,260,869.56 The worst case value helps in assessing the hospitals ability to bear the risk of this investment since; one is able to compare it with the capital and general financial health of the entire project. The new NPV of the project after a three percentage point risk adjustment would be: NPV (3%RISK) =7,038,502.71 * 0.03 NPV=211,155.08 Recommendation The hospital should consider maximizing the inpatient surgery ward first and if the need arises, they should go ahead with the out patient unit but look for better prices of machinery or explore other sources of machinery like leasing. Buy custom Twin Falls Community Hospital essay

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 128

Assignment Example Religion provides the basis for a community to obtain a leader, where it separates those who are eligible for the leadership positions from those who are responsible for electing them. It is also through religion that the duties and responsibilities of the leaders and the subjects are stipulated, as well as the repercussions for the failure of any party to adhere to these principles (181). There does not seem to be any separation between the church and the state. However, various religious groups are respected and allowed to co-exist, although Muslim dominates. The emerging Muslim leadership dealt with the non-Muslim by requiring them to pay a bit more taxes. However, there is no molestation of this group, although it should avoid doing things that are against the Muslim faith, comparing well to how the Christians treated the non-Christians in Europe (150). This is contrary to the modern day, where religious hostility has risen to higher levels, with each religious group seeking to o utdo the others and even persecuting

International Human Rights Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

International Human Rights - Essay Example rnments act in particular ways or to refrain from given acts, for the reason of protecting and promoting human rights and other fundamental freedoms of people (Buergenthal, 67). Non-discrimination principle is a broadly-based one in the international human rights law. The principle stands out to be so much vital in all the key human rights treaties thereby providing the central theme of a number of international human rights conventions for example, elimination of racial discrimination and discrimination against Women. With respect to all human rights and freedoms the principle of non-discriminatory eliminates discrimination of all aspects be it color, race or any other factor. The equality blends well with the principle of non-discriminatory since every individual is born free and equal to rights and dignity. All human rights are interdependent, interrelated and indivisible, whether the rights are political or civil, for example, the right to life, equality before the law, and freedom of expression; social, economic, and cultural rights, for example the right to housing, work and social security, or even collective rights, for example the rights to self-determination and development. Universality principle of human rights is the foundation of international human rights law. This principle has been reiterated in various international human rights declarations, resolutions, and conventions. For instance, Vienna World Conference of 1993 giving illustrations on human rights stated that it is the role of States to promote and protect all human rights and freedoms, despite of their cultural, political and economic systems. The expression of universality of the human rights is seen when states ratify the fundamental human rights treaties beyond all boundaries and civilizations Human rights are inalienable in that they should not be taken away from the individual they are duet to, except in specific circumstances and with respect to due process. The right to liberty,